The Age Of New Imperialism - 1944 Words

The ‘Age of New Imperialism’ in Britain was a time of prosperity and total domination. Compared to previous years of imperialism, this period was focused primarily on benefitting the colonial power, Britain, instead of establishing new settlements. Even though the British imperialism of the late 19th century/early 20th century brought great wealth, knowledge, and technological advancements to the country, it was at the expense of many ‘other’ people in the empire. Britain, and Europe as a whole, had to find a way to justify their ‘superiority’ over these other countries subsequently leading scientists decided to use their background and knowledge to create disciplines that had racist ideologies at the root. These pseudo-sciences were constructed to rationalize the imperialism during the 19th century. This paper will discuss some of the most influential sciences produced during the late 19th century, including social Darwinism, eugenics, and phr enology, that were used to justify British Imperialism and how they supported imperialism. White is the supreme race, non-White people are inferior, White people are the ones with all the achievements in the world – these ideologies and theories, though formally constructed in the late 1800s, were created from discussions long before. The idea of race superiority has existed since the 15th and 16th centuries, early days of African slavery, but at that time it was supported by religion and God. In the early 16th century, a SwissShow MoreRelatedImperialism : The Age Of New Imperialism1048 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism is defined as a strong economic and political empire takes over a weaker economic and political empire. Stronger empires conquered weaker empires to industrialize the land and to weaken other threating empires. To build a strong empire, a nation must use their military power to conquer a weaker nation, take the supplies and goods to support the mother nation, and use the supplies and goods to benefit your own empire by conquering even more empires. I mperialism did not begin in the twentiethRead MoreThe Age Of America s New Imperialism1668 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism in the 1890s The 1890’s was the age of America’s new imperialism. The idea of imperialism resulted from the belief of Manifest Destiny, the idea of expanding America’s frontier from coast to coast was destined by God. The continuation of filling up western land created a closed frontier, pushing America to expand to other places outside of the mainland. The principle of expanding to other areas was to help America become a world power. The closing of the frontier was introduced byRead MoreEssay on Imperialism: From Europe to The West1514 Words   |  7 PagesEarly in the twentieth century, imperialism was brought up by European powers of the time; Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia. These nations were after raw materials in Asia, Africa, and South America and when they realize that they could not retrieve it, they began to colonize smaller counties that contain the many resources they need and used it for their benefit. Western values played a big part in European imperialism. European civilization experienced a period of extraordinary rapidRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Journalism On A Global Scale1677 Words   |  7 Pagesglobalisation, technological revolution and democratisation. In all three of these areas media and communication play a central, perhaps even defining role. (McChesney, 2001) Neoliberalism and imperialism falls under the same category when understanding the contemporary media indu stries, they define how our news is interpreted and presented to the general public or audience. Neoliberalism is a running thread throughout much of the volume, across and the thematic sections which include power and democracyRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Imperialism884 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism. Noun. A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Imperialism is an age-old practice in which powerful countries will engulf or take over smaller weaker countries to expand their empire. New imperialism has the same idea, but it would have started in the 1870’s and the motive to continue this practice was heavily economic. Imperial powers will expand their empire for many different reasons, the victims or the colonist will make an attemptRead MoreNegative Effects Of Imperialism1139 Words   |  5 Pagesevents are talked about. That just shows what imperialism causes. Imperialism is when a dominant country seeks to in crease their size and forces (either by war or diplomacy) a smaller country to submit to their rule. The Age of Imperialism began in the 1870s and went until World War 1. During this time imperialism was very prevalent and the events that took place during this time had lasting effects and still affect us to this day. While imperialism could be seen as beneficial, especially to theRead More The Compelling Motives of European Imperialism Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesThe Compelling Motives of Imperialism The presence of Europe in Africa in the late nineteenth century was one of extreme power. The countries of France, Britain, and Germany had especially large claims to the African continent during this time. The motives of imperialism for these countries greatly define Europe at this time. Insatiable desires for economic markets, power and political struggles, the motivating belief in Social Darwinism, and the European idea of superiority were the drivingRead MoreThe Great War748 Words   |  3 Pagescause the deaths of 10 million soldiers, but was the assassination the only cause of war? WWI wasnt just any war, it was also a new beginning and a new cause for a few of the european countries that had been involved. The end results for Germany had been the worst, which not only caused Germany to have a new purpose and have resentments, but also to make something new from that beaten Germany. WWI was caused by many factors but the ones that always come first to our attention could be one such asRead MoreThe Age of Reason Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout European history. Cesaire studied liberal ideas that had sprouted in the Enlightenment period or the Age of Reason, a time where many new ideas sprang up. Reason was used to guide the actions of people and nations; no longer was religion the main force. Science became extremely important because it provided answers to questions. With the Enlightenment came ideas of liberalism. Before the Age of Reason monarchies governed the people. There was great poverty and a disparity between the classes ofRead MoreImperialism : An Age Of Colonization For European Countries800 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism Essay The Age of Imperialism was an age of colonization for European countries. It began in the mid-1800s and ended in the early twentieth century. The most powerful countries of Europe raced to conquer and change the government, economic system, and social ways of Asian and African territories. But imperialism wasn t wonderful, especially for the colonies. Innocent people were enslaved, forced to work all day long under no other options. Resources were exploited, stolen from people

Policing Paper Free Essays

Policing Paper Tyrone L. Sterling University of Phoenix Survey of Justice and Security AJS/502 Dr. Pamela Knothe June 14, 2012 Policing Paper The City of Chicago has adopted a new tool to use against fighting crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Policing Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is what is known as the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS). Many people have never heard of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS). The Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy came about in April 1993 and was first implemented in five of the 25 police districts in Chicago. Rogers Park, Morgan Park, Austin, Marquette, and Englewood were the first locations of the CAPS Program. The reasons these locations were picked was determined by their crime problems, economics, demographics, and their levels of community organization. In 1994 the other 20 districts of Chicago were participants of the CAPS Program. Outreaching is always a very important goal when there is a merger of organizations. In this case it is collaboration between a community and law enforcement (Chicago Police department) agencies. The benefits of incorporating this idea could include (but not limited to) the sharing of information, and increase trust between parties hat were involved or mainly working together to prevent crimes from taking place. One key point that makes the CAPS a unique program is that it places the community, the police, and other city agencies on the same sheet of music in protect their neighborhoods against crime. In law enforcement it is always better to be proactive than reactive, and developing additional support always give him or her the upper hand. Crime prevention at the neighborhood level is effective because the use of new technology to help police and residents target crime hot spots. More efficient use of city services that affects crime, extensive training for both police and ommunity, neighborhood-based beat officers and regular beat community meetings involving police and residents. One main goals of the CAPS program is to implement successful and effective way to make neighborhoods safer by improving the quality of life. With the United States the CAPS program has been recognized as one effective and proactive means of police and community involvement in the fight against crime. In relatio n to functions of patrol, crime investigation, emergency, and critical incident response and future trends of the CAPS program. One key point of functions of patrolling could be the proactive vigilance of the community (individual neighborhoods) in taking preventive measures in developing an increase of their crime rates. Crime investigations are still the sole responsibility of the Chicago police department; however, it is always easier to investigate crimes when he or she does have the support of the community backing him or her up. This has proven to be very effective means of adding in investigations, instead of the community not wanting to get involve, like it was in the past. With relation to emergency and critical incident response, there have been positive comments that have been said about the CAPS program involvement in reporting certain situations. It is hard to predict the future brings for the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) Program. Observing past trends from when the program was first started, one could see how crime has gone down, the community has gotten more involve in the prevention of crimes in their neighborhoods. Above all the CAPS program has been identified as one of the best programs in the United States in community and police collaboration. I know with any new program, there are budget stipulations. However, because this program has had positive reviews and comments, I think funding may not be an issue. In conclusion, the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) Program was explained as well as the origin. It was also noted when and above all why it was incorporated. There are ongoing discussions of how private security agencies and policing work together. There are few (if any) discussions of the role that a particular community and policing affect each other. In this instance the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) Program should be followed and modeled in communities across the nation. In looking at the pros and cons of the CAPS Program, there are far many pros that outweigh the cons. In fact that alone shows the effectiveness of the program. For any other community, district, city, or metropolitan area; this program should be the basis of law enforcement and community collaboration. Reference: https://portal. chicagopolice. org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/Get%20Involved/How%20CAPS%20works/What%20is%20CAPS How to cite Policing Paper, Essay examples

The United States Postal Service free essay sample

The United States Postal Service has gone through some major changes in the past twenty-five years due to the increase in popularity of technologies such as email, fax machines, the internet and mobile phones. Sending letters and paying bills using the traditional method of using stamps no longer became the preferred method of sending correspondence. The postal service realized that major changes needed to be made and therefore decided to implement a quality improvement program utilizing the balanced scorecard approach. The following paragraphs summarize my thoughts and conclusions on their improvement process using the â€Å"voice† of the customer, employee and business. It’s interesting to see in companies how at first glance employees that have no customer interaction actually affect customer service and the financial results of a business. What may seem as unrelated parts of a business; the customer, the employee and business operations are not separate entities but instead they are all interrelated. For example, the Voice of the Employee supports improved internal processes (the Voice of the Business) for the simple reason that satisfied employees will make a company run smoother and therefore more profitable. There are many examples; low morale leads employees to do just enough of their job duties to get by and not to do any extra work or contribute any valuable ideas. However, if employees feel valued, they are more willing to share ideas for improvement which may help the company eliminate waste and save money. Employees that get along and show respect for one another will spend their day focusing on their jobs instead of wasting time bickering and involved in office politics which will decrease overall productivity. Violence or sexual harassment in the workplace may lead to costly lawsuits which will affect company profitability even if it is as minor as attorney fees, however proper training will teach employees the importance of acceptable behavior in the workplace. Informing employees that their safety and well-being matters to the company will affect a company’s insurance rates. With proper safety training, not only for the OSHA certification requirements, but also for minor accident prevention such as slips, trips and falls can save companies thousands of dollars in unnecessary hospital bills, insurance rates and worker’s compensation claims. Job training, tuition reimbursement and other avenues for learning and improving and career advancement provide a stable work environment with less employee turnover and a greater company loyalty with opportunities for promotions and advancement, decreasing the expense of hiring new employees on a regular basis. The Voice of the Business supports customer satisfaction by improved processes, streamlining operations in all areas and departments to become more efficient. This efficiency as it relates to the post office will result in a lower incidence of mail and packages delivered to the wrong address. The business can also support customer satisfaction by giving the customer access to their services even though the post office may be closed at the time. Examples include a vending machine for stamps inside stores or shipping kiosks inside department or Target stores so customers can ship gifts directly from the store. The post office should also have attendants that are cross-trained. They can sort mail during lull times and work a register during peak times. All too often there are long lines at the post office but available stations. The customer service call center at the USPS could use some revision. With complicated menus and vague options, it is difficult to reach an attendant to find an answer. I would like to include another measure that does not appear to be on the balanced scorecard; competitiveness. Since FedEx and UPS began to compete with the postal service for reliable package delivery for businesses, they have been constantly eroding away at USPS’s market share. Although recently the USPS has started a marketing campaign aimed at the affordability and reliability of small businesses using the postal service, FedEx and UPS are still a major threat to the postal service profitability which makes the measure of competitiveness such an importance I think it should be included. Here are few ideas that could possibly help the USPS regain some of their market share. I think the USPS should find a niche that UPS and FedEx cannot fulfill like the speedy delivery of first class packages. Since UPS’s and FedEx’s base pricing starts at one pound packages, the USPS can take over this underserved market by allowing customers to ship First Class packages (under 16 ounces) with tracking from USPS. com. Currently if a business would like to ship First Class packages with tracking, they need to subscribe to a service like stamps. com or endicia. com for a fee of $15/month. Another option is to continue to offer Saturday delivery because UPS and FedEx do not deliver on weekends. Team up with stationary and greeting card websites like papyrusonline. com or Hallmark. com and offer greeting cards that come with pre-stamped envelopes that have pre-paid postage which costs less than a first class stamp(bulk mail rates) or have a collection of bulk mail greeting cards that will be sent out by Hallmark or Papyrus. The post office can also start a campaign to bring back the delight of receiving greeting cards in the mail as opposed to nowadays receiving only bills and junk mail. According to Robert Kaplan and David Norton, there are four perspectives of the balanced scorecard; Financial, Internal, Customer, and Innovation and Learning. They felt that there were other measures besides traditional financial performance to measure a company’s success. To conclude my thoughts here are two opposing viewpoints to the balanced scorecard method. The main advantage of using a balanced scorecard approach is that this method is a way to measure company performance that is not related to the financial aspect of the company. Another advantage is that the scorecard is tailored to the company’s needs and is designed around their unique operations. Also, a company can measure past performance and evaluate it next to current and estimated future performance. The disadvantage is that there is not a single set of identical metrics that you can use to compare the company in question to a high performance company; by using a balanced scorecard approach to compare improvements between different companies is similar to comparing apples to oranges. Another disadvantage is that this type of method is labor intensive and may be expensive to implement.

Napoleon Buonaparte Essays - House Of Bonaparte, European People

Napoleon Buonaparte Napoleon Buonaparte was a military genius who, at the age of sixteen, gained the rank of lieutenant in the French Army. He overcame all of the criticism he received in the army became a great leader. Napoleon, perhaps, was one of the most prominent, and powerful leaders of all time. Napoleon's childhood was a very troublesome one. He was always getting into trouble. When he was a little boy, ?He was always hitting people and biting them? (Komroff 15). Since Napoleon was always causing problems, he was sent to a girl school by his mother hoping that this experience would change his attitude (Komroff 15). This however, did not work, so he was sent to a Jesuit school with his eldest brother, Joseph (Komroff 15). While Napoleon was in the Jesuit school, he was an excellent student. Several years later when he was sent to military school at the age of fifteen, he was still an outstanding student and ?Remembered everything he was told? (Komroff 17). At the age of fifteen, Napoleon was already ?Showing great prominence as a military leader? and when he turned sixteen ?He graduated with honors and was appointed the rank of lieutenant? at his military school (Komroff 20). Napoleon had a big family. There were ten people in his family and seven of them were brothers and sisters (Ludwig 7). Life was very hard for Napoleon and his family, simply because there were so many mouths to feed and not enough money (Ludwig 7). Therefore, life was very harsh for young Napoleon. He was always being ?Mocked and teased because of his poverty? (Ludwig 7). Just after Napoleon graduated second lieutenant in the regiment of La Fe're, his father got really sick with cancer and was taken to the medical center Montpellier where his father was treated for ?Any last hope in life? (Guerard 9). But the efforts were not enough. Carlo Buonaparte died on February 24, 1785 (Guerard 9). During this crucial time, Napoleon's family was going through various changes. His eldest brother Joseph was leaving the church for the army, and his other brother Lucien, was leaving the military to join the seminary at Aix (Guerard 9). The only person who seemed to be making any wise decisions, was his sister Eliza. Eliza had been accepted at Saint Cyr, a school which had been created for the daughters of the impoverished aristocracy (Guerard 9). At this school, Eliza would not only receive a great education, but she would also receive three thousand francs, and a trosseau (Guerard 9). The rest of Napoleon's family were the youngest, Louise, Pauline, Caroline, and Jerome. They were left under the care of his widowed mother (Guerard 9). But Napoleon would not leave his family in their present condition. He ignored the fact that his eldest brother had the right to take over the family, and he ?Appointed himself head of the family? shortly after the demise of his father (Guerard 9). Napoleon's military career basically started when he was only sixteen. When he was sixteen, he ?Graduated military school with the rank of lieutenant? (Komroff 20). Napoleon achieved this feat after only being in the military school for one year (Komroff 20). Napoleon gained his chance in the spotlight when the French Revolution began. On July 14, 1789 when the Bastille was stormed, Napoleon was sent to various parts of France to help calm down the riots (Komroff 20). This happened only three years after Napoleon's graduation, he was nineteen. By the time Napoleon was 26, he was ?Already Commander in Chief of the Army of the Interior and was known world wide? (Komroff 25). Throughout his career and life, Napoleon encountered many women, but none compared to his first love, Josephine. Josephine Tascher de la Pagerie was ?A lazy, cold-hearted, empty-headed person?, but she was also very kind (Guerard 23). Her kindness was what attracted Napoleon. They were both married on March 9, 1796, only by the civil court, the did not have a religious ceremony (Guerard 23). When they got married, ?Napoleon was 27 and Josephine was 33 years old?, even though she lied and said she was 29 (Guerard 23). On May 18, 1804, Napoleon ?Was proclaimed the

An Overview of the Common Core Assessments

An Overview of the Common Core Assessments The adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) is arguably the biggest educational shift in the history of the United States. Having a set of national standards that most states have chosen to adopt is unprecedented. However, the bigger shift in traditional educational philosophy will come in the form of the Common Core assessment. While the national adoption of the standards themselves is immense, the potential impact of having a shared national assessment system is even bigger. Most states would argue that the standards they already had in place align pretty well to the Common Core State Standards. However, the rigor and presentation of the new assessments will even challenge your top tier students. Many school administrators and teachers will need to totally revamp their approach in order for their students to succeed on these assessments. What has been the norm when it comes to test prep will no longer be enough. In an age where a premium has been placed on high stakes testing, those stakes will have never been higher than they will be with the Common Core assessments. Impact of a Shared Assessment System There are several potential ramifications of having a shared assessment system. Many of these ramifications will be positive for education and many will no doubt be negative. First of all the pressure placed on students, teachers, and school administrators will be greater than ever. For the first time in educational history states will be able to accurately compare their students’ achievement to students in neighboring states. This factor alone will cause the pressures of high stakes testing to go through the roof. Politicians will be forced to pay more attention and increase funding in education. They will not want to be a low performing state. The unfortunate reality is that many excellent teachers will lose their jobs and others will choose to enter another field simply because the pressure of getting students to perform well on these assessments will be too large. The microscope for which teachers and school administrators will be under will be massive. The truth is that even the best teachers can have students perform poorly on an assessment. There are so many external factors that attribute to student performance that many would argue that basing the worth of a teacher on a single assessment is simply not valid. However, with the Common Core assessments, this will most likely be overlooked. Most teachers will have to increase rigor in the classroom by challenging their students to think critically. This will be a challenge for both students and teachers. In an age where parents are less involved, and students have information readily given to them at the click of a mouse, developing critical thinking skills will be even more of a challenge. This has been arguably one of the most neglected areas of education, and it will no longer be an option to omit it. Students must excel in critical thinking if they are to perform well on these assessments. Teachers will have to restructure how they teach to develop these skills. This will be such as massive shift in teaching and learning philosophies that it may take a generation of students to cycle through before we see a large group truly start to develop these skills. In the end, this shift in educational philosophy will better prepare our students to succeed. More students will be ready to transition to college or will be work ready when they graduate high school. In addition, the skills associated with the Common Core State Standards will prepare students to compete on the global level. Another benefit of a shared assessment system will be that costs to individual states will be reduced dramatically. With each state having its own set of standards, they have had to pay to have tests developed specifically to meet those standards. This is an expensive endeavor and testing has become a multimillion dollar industry. Now with a common set of assessments, states will be able to share in the cost of test development, production, scoring, etc. This could potentially free up more money allowing it to be spent in other areas of education. Who is developing these assessments? There are currently two consortia responsible for developing these new assessment systems. These two consortia have been awarded funding through a competition to design new assessment systems. All states who have adopted the Common Core State Standards have selected a consortium in which they are a partner with other states. These assessments are currently in the development stage. The two consortia responsible for developing these assessments are: SMARTER Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC) – Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.Partnership for Assessment of Readiness of College and Careers (PARCC) – Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Within each consortia, there are states that have been selected to be a governing state and others who are a participating/advisory state. Those that are governing states have a representative that gives direct input and feedback into the development of the assessment that will accurately measure student progress toward college and career readiness. What will these assessments look like? The assessments are currently being developed by the SBAC and PARCC consortia, but a general description of what these assessments will look like has been released. There are a few released assessment and performance items available. You can find some sample performance tasks for English Language Art (ELA) in Appendix B of the Common Core State Standards. The assessments will be through course assessments. This means that students will take a benchmark assessment at the beginning of the year, with the option of ongoing progress monitoring throughout the year, and then a final summative assessment towards the end of the school year. This type of assessment system will allow teachers to see where their students are at all times during the school year. It will allow a teacher to more readily cater to a particular students strengths and weaknesses to prepare them better for the summative assessment. The assessments will be computer-based. This will allow for quicker, more accurate results and feedback on the computer scored portion of the assessments. There will be portions of the assessments that will be human scored. One of the biggest challenges for school districts will be preparing for the computer-based assessments. Many districts across the United States do not have enough technology to test their entire district via computer at this time. During the transition period, this will be a priority that districts must prepare for. All students grades K-12 will participate in some level of testing. Grades K-2 tests will be designed to set the foundation for students and also give information to teachers that will help them better prepare those students for the rigorous testing that begins in the 3rd grade. Grades 3-12 testing will be much more tied directly to the Common Core State Standards and will consist of a variety of item types. Students will see a variety of item types including innovative constructed response, extended performance tasks, and selected response (all of which will be computer based). These are much more difficult than simple multiple choice questions as students will be assessed on multiple standards within one question. Students will often be expected to defend their work through a constructed essay response. This means that they simply won’t be able to come up with an answer, but will additionally need to defend the answer and explain the process through written response. With these Common Core assessments, students must also be able to write coherently in the narrative, argumentative, and informative/explanatory forms. An emphasis on balance between traditional literature and informational text is expected within the framework of the Common Core State Standards. Students will be given a passage of text and will have to construct a response based on questions over that passage in a specific form of writing that the question asks for. The transition to these types of assessments will be difficult. Many students will struggle initially. This will not be due to a lack of effort on teachers but will be based more on the overwhelming task at hand. This transition will take time. Understanding what the Common Core Standards are all about and what to expect from the assessments are the first steps in a long process of being successful.

Analysing Critiques of globalisation

Analysing Critiques of globalisation â€Å"Critiques of globalisation argue that as a result of failures to deal with risks to international stability, the basis of global order has been at risk and political and economic disorder like that that followed the collapse of 19th century globalisation may not look impossible. â€Å"Do you agree? Globalization is the background of the present world. Our economic, political and the social status in the second decade of the twenty first century would not have been possible without considering the global context of free markets and the information technology. Many scholars have defined globalization viewed through lens of different perspectives towards the world. Blackmore (2000) defines globalization as, â€Å"increased economic, cultural, environmental, and social interdependencies and new transnational financial and political formations arising out of the mobility of capital, labour, and information, with both homogenizing and differentiating tendencies†, (Blackmore , 2000, p.133); while Hill (2009), puts more emphasis on the economic, asserts, â€Å"globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy†, (Hill, 2009, p.6). This paper will briefly describe the history of glabalization followed with a review of the two phases of globalization in the nineteenth and the twentieth century where in one phase was seen prosperous while the other was the end of globalization. Subsequently, laying out the current situation whether or not it is parallel to the failures of globalization. Drawing upon an opinion thereby, on the same, alongwith rational elucidations. Critiques have argued that globalization is not something that happened 200 years ago, it can be traced back to the 16th century during the emergence of the pinnacle of capitalism (Robertson, 1997). According to Friedman (2005), globalization can be viewed in three phases: globalization phase one (1492- 1800) was the globalization of countries, globa lization 2 (1800-2000) was the globalization of companies and globalization 3 (2000 till now) is the globalization of people. However, Broadberry and O’Rourke (2010) state that the period between 1870 to 1914 reflected as the high water mark of the nineteenth century globalization. Globalization in the nineteenth century encompasses interregional transfers of goods, people and capital. The preeminent way to measure the levels of integration is the rising amounts of international flows of economic activity for e.g. the ratio of comodity trade to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), number of people migrated to total population and the cost of moving goods across continents. European international trade was growing at a 4.1% a year between this period (Bordo et al., 1999) while the global output rising from 10% in 1870 to about 20% in 1914. This was the first phase of globalization which was accompanied with extraordinary prosperity. Countries who were involved in the global markets d uring this phase had narrowed the gap between wealthy and poor nations. Japan, for e.g., in the seventeenth century had completely cut off itself from the world permitting only one Dutch ship a year to land and involved in small amount of trade. In 1870, Japan was a a backward country where the average income of a person was less than a quarter of that in the United Kingdom (U.K.). However, as a result of fully involving in the global market in 1868, Japan’s income was able to increase at 1.5% compared to 1% of growth rate for U.K. (Mishkin, 2006). Countries like China and India were deprived of the industrial capability as they were not able to enter the global economic system.

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care-Phase 1 Essay

HCM427-0801A-01 Human Resource Management in Health Care-Phase 1 Individual Project - Essay Example In the United States, about 94% of the nurses are female out of the nations 2.7 million workers. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that more than one million new and replacement nurses will be needed by 2012. The reason for the shortage is described to be the added taxes they have to pay and the added pressure on health care facilities to cut corners by letting nurses go. The shortages created by these put extra pressure on the remaining nurses. According to the survey conducted by the American Nurses Association, nurses feel burnt out, stressed and unable to provide quality healthcare. (Uretsky, 2005) (Ginty, 2004) The solution to increase the supply of nurses lies basically with the government by adopting policies for funding. However at an organizational level, the managers should try to treat the nurses more professionally. Limiting mandatory overtime can be another way to reduce burnout of nurses hence increasing the standard of nursing which would lead to more students to come towards the nursing field. Offering high rewards and peace of mind as job characteristics would further attract nurses to join JPS rather than other hospitals. (Ginty, 2004) The American Medical Association in its newspaper (Jan. 5, 2004) claimed that there was a looming crisis of physician shortage which will inevitably increase. The reason for the shortfall is some cases isn’t really because of the unavailability or supply of physicians but because of an unequal geographic distribution. Due to the trends in urbanization, the distribution of physicians in certain areas of US has become asymmetric. The lack of appeal in certain regions of the country, lower pays as well as the inability of disadvantaged communities to support specialist care monetarily lead to a tendency for physicians to set themselves up in major cities where at least their income is satisfactory.

Stock control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Stock control - Essay Example Measurement of cost by traditional costing method and ABC costing method are greatly different. ABC allocates the activity costs into products by cost drivers, while traditional costing method uses quantity drivers to allocate costs. Since the use of the traditional costing method was not avoided of products loss, we may as well say then that its continual use would be a wrong economic decision. It is impossible to get correct activity information of each activity and the activity channeled towards production by using traditional costing method, while this can be achieved easily and accurately by ABC method. With the use of ABC, Vauxhall could now analyze which activity is tends towards loss of products, in order to discuss the possibility of reduction of such activities. The product loss, measured by traditional costing method, was not encountered by ABC method since ABC could accurately allocate cost information.

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Essay Both the movie and the play, Romeo and Juliet were called star-crossed lovers, meaning their fate lead them together, and neared them to their tragic demise. The movie had shown their first encounter as a magical affair where enchanted music played in their ears and the two fell deeply in love with one another. Seconds earlier, Romeo had also been deeply in love with another woman, Rosaline Capulet. Romeo had described young Rosaline as a beautiful young lady, who had rejected him and swore to remain chaste for the rest of her life, which had devastated him. But from the moment he laboth the movie and the play, Romeo and Juliet were called star-crossed lovers, meaning their fate lead them together, and neared them to their tragic demise. The movie had shown their first encounter as a magical affair where enchanted music played in their ears and the two fell deeply in love with one another. Seconds earlier, Romeo had also been deeply in love with another woman, Rosaline Capulet. Romeo had described young Rosaline as a beautiful young lady, who had rejected him and swore to remain chaste for the rest of her life, which had devastated him.

The Usefulness of Sub-Cultural Theories in Understanding Crime and Devi

I am going to be assessing the usefulness of sub cultural theories in understanding crime and deviance. The functionalist suggested that understanding deviance lies in the studying it function for society rather than the individual itself. Also consensus is essential for society to function. All functionalist therefore argues that forms of social control are necessary to check deviant and to maintain social order. Merton theory of anomie is based on the ideas of the functionalist. Anomie encourages deviance. Merton understood crime and deviance to be a response to the inability to achieve social goals. This is often referred to as a strain theory of crime, since Merton highlighted a tension or strains between the cultural goals of a society and the legitimate or institutionalised means of achieving these goals. Merton work can be seen to be the influence by the American dream provided that you work hard in a good job, money a good house and a luxurious lifestyle can be yours. However he said that when the values or culture goals are internalised, many people don’t live up to it or achieve it. Merton presents five modes of adapting to strain caused by the restricted access to socially approved goals and means. He did not mean that everyone who was denied access to society's goals became deviant. Rather the response, or modes of adaptation, depends on the individual's attitudes toward cultural goals and the institutional means to attain them. Conformity is the most common mode of adaptation. Individuals accept both the goals as well as the prescribed means for achieving those goals. Conformists will accept, though n... ... of society because of their position in the social structure usually a class position. Cohen argues that although groups of working class youths may originally accept the wider social goals, their growing awareness of their inability to achieve goals leads to the development of status frustration, where the goals are rejected. Instead, new and deviant goals are formed and a delinquent subculture is formed. Cloward and Ohlin take these ideas further. They contend that as well a legitimate opportunities varying for the successful achievement of wider social goals. Illegitimate opportunities also differ. Thus, some young people are able to join a local gang or to take up a life of crime, but others lack even these choices. These individuals become double failureand usually retreat to a life of violence, drug abuse etc.

Essay One Description and Narration Essay

Anyone who has ever achieved anything has had to face many obstacles to accomplish their goals. But what defines their success is never how many obstacles stand in their way, but how many obstacles they overcome. Even though I might have to overcome many tough obstacles in order to become a police officer, I believe that it is important to protect the public and prevent crime. In order to gain a position in the police force, I will have to pass various examinations, such as a written exam that will be based on correct wording, grammar, spelling and punctuation. In my opinion, this exam seems pretty easy because I am good in language arts and reading. Perhaps whenever it comes my time to take this examination, I will ace it. The police academy training also prepares police officers for active duty. The training probably has to be the hardest obstacle for me because it requires intense physical workouts. The first week in training I will have to run, and do calisthenics, which consists of push-ups, crunches, and jumping jacks. I will also have to use the medicine ball to do sit-ups, twist and hand offs, curls presses and extended workouts. Each week I will have to do the sets and reps for these physical workouts and each week the exercises double , so I will have to do double the work. Finding the job as a police officer will definitely be the second hardest obstacle. There will be a lot of competition in order for me to get into police training. In the past, becoming a police officer was not as difficult as it is today. One of the  main reasons that getting a police officer jobs is more difficult now, is that there are many more applicants than there used to be. Once I am a police officer, I can move into other areas like drug investigation. If I become a drug investigator I will have to have five or more years of police experience. Police dog services, also known as K9’s is another advancement that I am interested. As K-9 handler I must be able to perform specific tasks with my dog, such as bomb and narcotic detection, human tracking, and finding hidden objects. Or even an explosives disposal technician, which are specialized in training to handle chemical, biological and even nuclear weapons. Out of all these three options, the main one that catches my attention has to be a drug investigator. Hopefully when I have a lot of experience in the police force I can work my way up and become a drug investigator or even a police k-9. It will also be personally gratifying to protect the public.

Davinci Apps

Abstract The transfer from Davinci Apps to Rome, Italy requires substantial information in order to be informed. This report provides a well-balanced format consisting of critical elements that may be needed during the process. With many similarities as well as distinct differences, this report illustrates many of the needed considerations. 1 Introduction This report aims to relay critical elements of the operations of Davinci Apps located in Rome, Italy. Beginning with a brief overview detailing the macro-level factors related to the region, this report will turn to a value description utilizing the Hofstede theory. Following these segments will be an analysis of the management and business culture in Italy with reference to the Japan as a comparison. A combination of the components of this report will allow for a comprehensive conclusion alongside three base recommendations for success. This report will evaluate the Roman market in comparison with Japans operation in order to generate applicable operations advice for the new management for Davinci Apps in Rome.1.2 Macro level ElementsThe city of Rome, Italy serves as the nation’s capital with a moderate sea side climate (Gfmag.com, 2014). With historical, environmental and cultural tourism draws, there is a dynamic and diverse migrant population (Istat.it, 2014). With a bicameral system of government the two houses, Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic, headed by the Prime Minister dictate law and policy in the nation (Istat.it, 2014). Predominately, the spoken language is Italian, with German and French spoken by a minority of northern regions. With a ninety per cent Roman Catholic population, there is a large Christian cultural expectation (Gfmag.com, 2014). Currently there is an estimated population of 60.9 million and rising with an expectation of near 62 million by 2017 with a median age of 43 (Grmag.com, 2014). Economic factors including composition by GDP factor: agriculture 1%, Industry: 25.2% and services at 72.9 % as of the 2011 estimate (Grmag.com, 2014:1). 2012 saw an increasing unemployment rate of 9.5 followed by a decrease over the 2013 fiscal year (Istat.it, 2014). Standards and Poor’s currently ranks Italy a BBB+ with Moody’s a Baa2 alongside a negative outlook (Grmag.com, 2014:2). 2010 witnessed Italy with an estimated world share of GDP of 2.41 %; however, the 2015 estimate indicates a decrease to 1.98% (Grmag.com, 2014:1). This fact supports the Real GDP numbers that indicate a continual decrease in economic strength for the nation as a whole (Istat.it, 2014:1). However, recent trends suggest that a positive turnaround is possible increasing economic viability (Istat.it, 2014:1). 1.3 Hofstede Value Italy compared to Japan Hofstede’s model is a valued method of assessing cultural differences in order to gain fuller understanding (Signorini, Wiesemes and Mur phy, 2009).1.3.1 Power distancePower distance is commonly identified as â€Å"the extent the less powerful entities within a country expect power to be distributed equally† (Hofstede, 2011:45). Northern Italy scores a 50 which speaks to the preference for equality and decentralisation of power and decision-making (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014:1). However, in Southern Italy the PDI are high and nearly the very opposite of Northern Italy. The related score of 54 illustrates that Japan is similar in this context, speaking to the recognition of value in equality by both cultures (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014).1.3.2 IndividualismThis segment has to do with whether people?s self-image plays a cultural role (Hofstede, 2011). .With a score of 76, Italy is rated as an Individualistic culture, which in turn creates a â€Å"me† centred society (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014:1). This effect is felt most in the North where people feel alone in the middle of a big crowd. Southern Italy exhibits less individualistic behaviour which is present in the family network as well as the group each one belongs (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). In this culture, events including weddings or Sunday lunches cannot be missed. Standing in contrast to the Italian score is the collective score of 46 for Japan, indicating an area of substantial cultural difference (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). Individualism is often frowned upon by the Eastern approach1.3.3 MasculinityA high score (masculine) on this segment is indicative of a society driven by competition, success and achievement. Conversely, a lower score (feminine) indicates societal values including caring for others and an increased quality of life (Hofstede, 2011). At 70 Italy is a masculine society – meaning it is very highly success oriented (Geert-hostede.com, 2014:1). As an example that this society holds, their offspring are taught at an early age that competition is beneficial. It is common for the Italian culture to illustrate su ccess by status symbols such as cars, houses, yachts and vacations to exotic countries. This factor adds to the factor that competition among colleagues for making a career can be very strong (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). Much like Italy Japan ranks as a very masculine society with a rating of 95 (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014).1.3.4 Uncertainty avoidanceThis component addresses members of a culture feel that may threaten by ambiguous or events and has created institutions in order to avoid these circumstances (Hofstede, 2011). At 75, Italy scores high on uncertainty avoidance (Geert-hofestede.com, 2014). This is an indication that Italians are not comfortable in uncertain situations. Formality in Italian society is a critical element of day to day activities with this fact represented by the strict Italian penal and civil code (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). It is common for emotion to play a role in society and culture with individuals that cannot keep them inside and must express them. At a score of 92, Japan is considered one of the most uncertainty avoiding nations in the world (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). This is an area that is mirrored closely is both cultures, making integration easier.1.3.5 PragmatismThis element focuses on how people in the past as well as today deal with the fact that so much that happens cannot be truly explained (Hofstede, 2011). In this category Italy’s high score of 61 illustrates that the Italian culture is relatively pragmatic. The people believe that truth depends on the situation, time and context. Boasting a score of 88 Japan is one of the most pragmatic societies (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014).1.3.6 IndulgenceThis element is the extent to which people try to control their desires (Hofstede, 2011). Weak control is â€Å"indulgence† and strong control is â€Å"restraint†. With the score of 42, Japan is deemed to be a culture of restraint.30 demonstrates that the Italian culture is one of restraint (Geert-hofstede.com, 2014). 2 Business and management culture in Italy2.1 Values and GlobalizationAs the Geer-hofstede.com (2014) results indicate the Italian culture heavily prefers an equal centre of power. The individualistic nature of the Italian value system will require substantial adjustment on the part of a collective culture Japanese transfer. Erikson (2007) argues that the migrants into the Italian culture often fare well as there are several beneficial transnational entrepreneurship assets. There is a very high Italian cultural value placed on the family, and social functions, which can in turn lead to social acceptance (Society, 2014). The topics of family, food, women, weather and love top the list of common discussions in Rome. This societal value system reaches back to the base difference between the Confucian, or Oriental method of collective thinking that recognizes that each element is related as opposed to the Aristotelian method of treating each component on an individual basis (Noble, Sande r and Obenshain, 2013). There is a distinct separation of value as regards the areas of self-expression and autonomy with the individualistic Italian culture, illustrating a lasting commitment to a more outspoken nature (Noble et al, 2013). As a whole, Rome is considered an individualistic culture when compared to the interdependent society of Japan (Tierney, 2014). The Geocentric approach illustrated by the population of Rome recognizes the potential for gain in the emerging markets, making integration popular in the region (Cicione, 2014).2.2 Decision makingWith a distinct separation from the Japanese cultural tradition of holism, the Italian culture focuses on analytical decision making utilizing a methodical approach for each individual element (Tierney, 2014). In addition to the highly competitive environment, the shift from the Japanese method of Collectivism to the Italian Individualism will require substantial adjustment for new transfers (Nobel et al, 2014).2.3 Negotiation & CommunicationSocietal d ifferences can have a direct impact on the method of communication and negotiation (Solomon and Schell, 2009). A person living in an individualistic society, such as Italy, will commonly make self-centred decisions (Tierney, 2014). This is opposed to the collective tendency shown in the Japanese culture. Further, the individualistic culture does not place the value on age and experience that the Japanese collective culture does, making each interaction with Italian citizens more complex (Nobel et al, 2013).2.4 Leadership & Cultural IntelligenceIt is necessary to understand a culture in order to become an effective leader (Nobel et al, 2014). As there is a highly independent nature among the Italians, each of their decisions will be based on what is best for that person, as opposed to the group mentality found in Japanese society. There is a high tendency of the Italian society to want a transactional form of leadership that remains open and prefers teamwork (Euwema, Wendt and Van Em merik, 2007). Too much oversight in the workplace is construed as a reflection of the individual work tendencies. This stands in sharp contrast to the collective leadership tendencies most firms exhibit in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). There is a strong need for the Italian culture to possess personal views and objectives, making each one an individualistic effort (Tierney, 2014). However, this element is tempered with the high value on family and collective infrastructure, which is similar in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). The autocratic strain of leadership is the found in Italy in contrast to the more Confucian, or male leader approach found in Japan (Nobel et al, 2014). With a much wider acceptance of the female in the role of leadership, there is a reduced amount of social bias associated with the genders, making the Italian culture easy to integrate into (Tierney, 2014). Further, this perception of bias in the workplace is reduced making potential success realistic in the workplace. 3 Conclusion This report has highlighted several elements that should be considered during the coming move. With a clear difference between the Japanese and Italian/Roman cultures, there are many pitfalls to avoid. Yet, the similarities inherent in each culture provide a sound beginning point from which to progress. Three points of advice have been developed as a consequence of this analysis: 1) The Hofstede model as well as the corresponding literature has illustrated the individualistic tendencies of the Roman culture, yet, there is a very strong undercurrent of social associations becoming beneficial. In order to more easily assimilate, both in the work place and socially, find a social expression that actively involves the person with the Italian culture. In this case that could be religion, sports or hobbies that take place in the company of others. 2) In the process of leadership, recognize the individual needs of each person. The Italian society operates in a manner that is based on competition and personal accomplishment rather than the larger collective organisation. In order to foster the best possible work environment there will be a need to amend the workplace expectations. 3) As reflected in the both the Italian and Japanese culture, there is a high value placed on the capacity for a person to have personal restraint and integrity. The best possible method of accruing respect in the work place is to have a plan in place that is both balanced and well considered, and in the presence of controversy present a calm exterior. This will translate into a perception of calm competency, which is highly prized in Roman culture. In the end, this report has illustrated that there are many similar elements between the cultures of Japan and Italy, yet, substantial differences. Will careful consideration alongside informed action, the transfer from the Japan office of Davinci Apps has every expectation of being a well throughout enterprise that will be of great value to each person involved. References Cicione, M. 2014. Culture & Traditions in Rome, Italy. [online] Available at: http://traveltips.usatoday.com/culture-traditions-rome-italy-11465.html [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Eriksen, T. H. 2007. Globalization. Oxford: Berg. Euwema, M. C., Wendt, H. and Van Emmerik, H. 2007. Leadership styles and group organizational citizenship behavior across cultures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28 (8), pp. 1035–1057. Geert-hofstede.com. 2014. Italy – Geert Hofstede. [online] Available at: http://geert-hofstede.com/italy.html [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Gelf, Erez, M. and Aycan, Z. 2007. Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 58 pp. 479–514. Gfmag.com. 2014. Italy GDP Data & Country Report | Global Finance. [online] Available at: http://www.gfmag.com/gdp-data-country-reports/249-italy-gdp-country-report.html#axzz2w6DeKZCE [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Hofstede, G. 2011. Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online readings in psycholog y and culture, 2 (1), p. 8. Istat.it. 2014. Istat.it. [online] Available at: http://www.istat.it/en [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Kaltenbrunner, A., Arag’On, P., Laniado, D. and Volkovich, Y. 2013. Not all paths lead to Rome: Analysing the network of sister cities. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.6900. Nobel, D., Sander, J. and Obenshain, C. 2013. Using microworlds to understand cultural influences on distributed collaborative decision making in C2 settings. Shi, X. and Wang, J. 2011. Interpreting Hofstede Model and GLOBE Model: Which Way to Go for Cross-Cultural Research?. International Journal of Business & Management, 6 (5). Signorini, P., Wiesemes, R. and Murphy, R. 2009. Developing alternative frameworks for exploring intercultural learning: a critique of Hofstede’s cultural difference model. Teaching in Higher Education, 14 (3), pp. 253–264. Society, N. 2014. Rome Cultural Tips — National Geographic’s Ultimate City Guides. [online] Available at: http:// travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/city-guides/rome-cultural-tips/ [Accessed: 17 Mar 2014]. Solomon, C. and Schell, M. S. 2009. Managing across cultures: The 7 keys to doing business with a global mindset. McGraw-Hill, Inc.. Tierney, W. G. 2008. The impact of culture on organizational decision-making. Sterling, Va.: Stylus Pub.

Looking Backward,Fahrenheit451 essays

Looking Backward,Fahrenheit451 essays For more than half a century science fiction writers have thrilled and challenged readers with visions of the future and future worlds. These authors offered an insight into what they expected man, society, and life to be like at some future time. One such author, Ray Bradbury, utilized this concept in his work, Fahrenheit 451, a futuristic look at a man and his role in society. Bradbury utilizes the luxuries of life in America today, in addition to various occupations and technological advances; to show what life could be like if the future takes a drastic turn for the worse. He turns man's best friend, the dog, against man, changes the role of public servants and changes the value of a person. Looking Backward belongs to the centuries-old tradition of utopian fiction, fiction that attempts to portray a perfect human society. The plot is simple and minimal, merely a vehicle for Edward Bellamy's ideas for social reform. Bellamy knew that his nineteenth-century audience was extremely hostile to the idea of an economy based on public capital, a premier tenet of socialism, a reviled political movement in the nineteenth century. Therefore, Bellamy had a difficult task in persuading his readers to consider his proposal for an ideal society. He distances himself from the more radical political theories of the socialists and the anarchists. In his ideal society, the separation between the genders remains intact, and marriage remains an important institution. The government remains a respected, powerful means to maintain social order. Personal freedom is not threatened, but enhanced. An individual worker's merit is recognized and valued through a complex ranking system based on th e army. Consumer choice is enhanced because every consumer demand is met, and every citizen has easy access to the full range of the nation's products. Citizens are encouraged to choose the careers that best suit them. Overall, Bellamy represents his imagined...

Effective Corporate Governance- Developing an Effective Board or Essay

Effective Corporate Governance- Developing an Effective Board or Governance Team Academic Book - Essay Example governance†, the readers need to know who the members of the board of directors are including how these people are different from the executive members of a corporation (Daily and Schwenk; Pound, p. 94). Basically, making the target audiences know who we are referring to as the members of the board of directors will make it easier for them to understand internal and external factors that contributes to effective corporate governance. (Kindly insert an organizational chart in this chapter) After discussing the members of the top management in Chapter II, this chapter will focus of discussing the role and responsibilities of each members of the board. As part of discussing the role and responsibilities of the board of directors and executives of a corporation, highlighting some possible case scenarios may help the readers have a better understanding of effective corporate governance. The book writer will discuss the role of executive and non-executive directors in terms of making the business objectives work for the best interests of the company. (Mallin, p. 125) For example: Since the best way for executive and non-executive directors to perform their duty effectively is to have an access to the company’s business information (Waldo, p. 5), the board of directors should not only carefully analyze the corporate financial report but also meet the team members regularly to discuss the proposed strategic plans and issues that will significantly affect the success of the business (Solomon, p. 103). This chapter will discuss the following: (1) importance of corporate leadership among the members of the top management; (2) importance of having a third party check for any signs of unusual business practices in the financial statement; (3) importance of establishing an organizational culture that give priority to teamwork as well as ethical, fair and legal

Museum Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Museum - Term Paper Example Birthday by Dorothea Tanning is also an oil on canvas paining created during the mid- nineteen hundred, in 1942. Birthday is a self-portrait of Tanning herself standing in her home with bare chest and feet and a dark creature with wings at her feet. Both paintings are currently on display at Los Angeles County Museum of Art, LACMA exhibition of In Wonderland. The subject matter in both compositions represents the artist expressing the world within their own minds with dream- like figures and symbols. Therefore, feminism and psychoanalytic theory, a theory within surrealism can be applied to assist a better understanding of the art. This essay intends to analyze these two paintings to give a better grasp of the intentions of the artists in creating the art. The Two Fridas depicts the pain and emotional suffering that Frida went through after her divorce with Rivera. The painting portrays the traditionally Mexican dressed and traditionally Mexican minded Frida exposed and hurt, sitting close to and holding the right hand of an independent, cosmopolitan and strong Frida. Both the hearts of the two Fridas are visible but that of the traditional Frida is cut, bleeding and torn open. In the painting, the main right artery coming from the torn heart of the weak Frida is severed and she tries to stop the flow of blood using surgical pincers. However, it continues to drip onto her white traditional dress forming a crimson pool.  This leaves her weak and wretched. Contrarily, the heart of the strong Frida, is completely intact and thus she is strong, unscathed and in a position to protect the weak, traditional Frida. She supplies lifeblood to the weaker traditional Frida through a connecting vein. Birthday portrays an unsmiling exotically dressed young Dorothea standing on a wooden tilted floor and holding a white porcelain doorknob which opens into an infinite recession of doors. The room is lit by shimmering mother-of-pearl light. Dorothea’s ruffled jacket ope ned to expose her bare chest. This tops a skirt of green tendrils. Close to her bare feet is a dark furry creature with eagle-like wings and a long tail. A combination of these features gives an extraordinary perspective. Seemingly, the extraordinary is ready to accompany Dorothea into the adventures that lying beyond the doors. Dorothea is precisely set in space but this happens as a fantasy more than reality1. Psychological theories have revealed that the unconscious part of the mind of a human being has important messages for the person’s conscious mind. However, the unconscious mind communicates to the conscious through archetypes and symbols but the conscious mind communicates through language. Basing on this discovery, surrealist artists produce artwork that form a link between spiritual abstract realities and the real or actual forms of the material world2. This gives their artwork their erotically charged and dreamlike features and the Two Fridas and Birthday fit into this description. Instead of perpetrating the traditional, weak and loyal Frida, the Two Fridas gives the image of a new, strong, independent, and self-determined woman that Frida desired to be. The strong Frida speaks of the need to break from unrealistic and unreachable cultural expectations and societal traditions. Instead of being weak, Frida changed into a non-conforming woman who can be depended upon, an icon of strength and leadership. Birthday filters the desires and dreams of surrealist vision through a self-portrait. Although the painting portrays an astonishing likeness of Dorothea, this representation extends into creating a character than to expose a preexisting character3.